Poetry, which is one of the oldest and perhaps the most impressive types of literature, is an art that has been with us since the days when people began to express themselves verbally. The poem, which is divided into genres according to the subjects they cover, has also been defined in different ways by different poets. Let’s take a closer look at what poetry is, its types and features.
Everyone can think of a different definition when it comes to poetry, but we are sure that the biggest common point of them will be emotion. Because sometimes a feeling that cannot be explained in volumes of books can be described in a two-line poem, opening the door to unique worlds for the reader. Because of this strong attitude of the poem Since the days when humanity began to express itself verbally, poems have been sung or poems written.
Poetry, which is one of the oldest literary genres, is also divided into genres within itself. Of course, there are poems that are classified with some technical details, but in this article, we will focus on the types of poetry that are classified according to the subject. Of course, before we get into the details. on the question of what is poetry It is impossible not to stop and talk about the history of poetry. Bride What is poetry, what are its types? Let’s take a closer look.
What is poetry? History, types of poetry and features:
Let’s remember, what is poetry?
Poetry in its most basic definition; feelings, thoughts or a dream with verses that have an order in themselves. using harmonious language is to be explained. There are countless definitions about poetry, which is one of the oldest among the literary genres.
For example, Ahmet Haşim for poetry ‘A verse that cannot be translated into prose.’ He said.. Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı for poetry ‘Poetry is the art of forming beautiful shapes with words.’ he said. Poem; It can be written in syllabic meter, aruz meter or free meter. Among its distinctive features The most basic point that distinguishes poetry from prose is that it has a harmony within itself no matter how it is written.
Poetry date:
The details of the historical journey of the poem are, of course, the subject of another article, but Ancient Greek to talk about the first poems possible to say. meaning poetry in english poetry The word is also of Ancient Greek origin. Even if we encounter the concept of poetry in Ancient Greece, there has always been poetry in history.
When we look at the written sources, since the oral literature products unfortunately did not survive, Poems engraved in Egyptian hieroglyphs around 2500 BC we find Sumerians in the 2000s BC, Akkadians, Hebrews, Chinese, Arabs, Persians, Turks and many more ancient civilizations in the 2300s BC applied to poetry to express their feelings and thoughts.
Poetry types and features according to their subjects:
- lyric poetry
- Pastoral
- epic poetry
- didactic poetry
- satirical poetry
- Dramatic poetry
lyric poetry:
Poems in which feelings and thoughts are told using an enthusiastic language are called lyric poetry. In ancient Greece, such poems were sung with an instrument called a lyre. so named. Its main purpose is to convey intense emotions to the reader and listener.
Sample;
Raks in Andalusia
Bell, shawl and rose. All the speed of the dance in this garden…
Andalusia is red three times in the evening of enthusiasm.
The magic song of love is in hundreds of languages
Spain is on this bell this evening with its joy.
Multiple turns as the fan turns,
Overthrow with work, their veiling…
He does not want every color, our eyes are now in the blue.
Spain in waves is in this shawl tonight..
Ring of ashuffe bangs on the forehead
The most beautiful rose of the wrath on your chest…
He pauses in the middle of the dance and plays, as if walking;
He looks at him with a turn of his head, as if to kill…
Rose-skinned, ember-lipped, coal-eyed kohlrabi,
The devil says he should kiss the helix a hundred times.
The dazzling shawl, the enchanting rose
“Ole!”
Yahya Kemal Beyatli
Pastoral:
Pastoral poetry, also called shepherd’s poetry, It is a type of poetry about rural life. In this type of poetry, a simple narrative comes to the fore. It has two basic forms, the idyll written by a shepherd and the eglog written in the form of conversation.
Sample;
Shepherd’s Fountain
Rivers cry deep down,
far away shepherd’s fountain,
O vineyards that understand the sound of water,
What does the shepherd’s fountain say to the mountain?
“When Shirin’s love surrounds your goyn
By the horizons of life that has traveled,
When Ferhat splits the mountains with that speed
The shepherd’s fountain has started to flow…
“Then he used to say it was over the top,
He carved the marble, pierced the stone.
He gave cold water to how many burnt passengers.
How many lips was it worth the shepherd’s fountain?
This is the one that guides the unfaithful Asli,
This is the answer to Kerem’s instrument,
This is what brings tears to dry eyes…
The shepherd’s fountain did not seep into the ground.
Leyla became a bride,
In the majestic grave,
There is no thirsty traveler in the mountains now,
Looking for a rose reddened by fire,
Shepherd’s fountain from mobile vineyard to vineyard,
Neither the poet sheds tears, nor the lover cries,
Old loves lost in history.
Calls in vain, ages in vain,
Shepherd’s fountain to the left, to the right…
Faruk Nafiz Camlibel
epic poetry:
The epic poem, which has an epic narrative and is said to convey intense emotions to the listeners, is a Greek word meaning epic. epic derived from the word In epic poems war stories, heroic stories and heroic adventures are processed.
Sample;
Avşar’s hands got up and migrated,
Slow hands are ours.
Arabian horses draw near,
The roads from the high mountain are ours.
Our sword Kirmani at our waist,
The hilt of my spear pierces the stone.
The edict of the state about us,
Ferman is your sultan, the mountains are ours.
My Dadaloğlu, one day a fight will be established,
Other rifle hoods are shot.
Nice koçyigits are laid on the ground,
The dead dies, the rest is ours.
Dadaloglu
Didactic poetry:
To explain a particular subject to the reader and listener and poems written to give advice It is called didactic poetry. Since the main purpose of didactic poems, which are also called ta’limî in our literature, is to be instructive, they may be weak in terms of emotion.
Sample;
The Crow and the Fox
The crows were placed on a branch;
There was a piece of cheese in your mouth.
Mr. fox must have smelled;
He began to tune into her:
“Ooooo! Dear crows, hello!
“How beautiful you are; how cute you are
“I’m blinded if I lie
“If your voice is like your feathers
“You are considered the sultan of this whole forest.”
Mr. crow went out of his mind with his pleasure;
To show your beautiful voice
When he opened it, he dropped his nose.
The fox grabbed him and said: “My lord,
I’ll give you a little lesson;
If there are no minds, there is no work for open eyes;
I think a lesson like this is worth a cheese”
The crow is confused, embarrassed, a little late but,
He swore that he would not press anything else.
satirical poetry:
Poet of a person, a situation or an event poems that are told in a critical language It is called satirical poetry. They have similar features with didactic poems, but satirical poetry has a unique style of expression because it often criticizes it with a rather sarcastic language.
Sample;
Don’t be fooled by its color, it’s an old fate
Because the nature of destiny is renegade.
Either in bister-i kemhâ, or die in a desolation
Because Bay ü Geda will enter the Hake together.
Take refuge in Allah from the wrath of my person
For the gentle horse’s pair is good.
It burned so many souls with that gentle smile
Even cute mean is laughing at heart
Bed never gives a uniform
Zerdüz palan ursan donkey is still a donkey
Understandable assembly-i meyde, which is bed maye
Sign is a touchstone to an unbelievable appeal.
It is the only one who should do the one who does not set out with Nush
The right of those who do not get well with Tekdir is bad
Nâdân people call chat-i nâdân
Both divanes require divaane
Is it mubeşshar with forgiveness?
Does the law of punishment mean incapacitated?
Serefrâz in masnad-i izzet that stole with a million
A few pennies are the bane of the murtakib.
Belief and religion are clear in connoisseurs of ginâ.
The word of honor and mercy remained in the poor.
Ziya Pasha
Dramatic poetry:
Until the 19th century, before theaters switched to plain texts language used in plays, It is called dramatic poetry. The plays written and staged by Shakespeare are among the most important examples of dramatic poetry.
Sample;
Eshber
If I’m a people, leskar with the captives,
If I destroy, soldiers with armies,
If it were, he would always give me property;
In terms of gender, that power is munkar,
Fevkim fly in my head!
I was known when I was Âvâze-i dehr,
I saw it is not touching the mother, my enîn;
I am in harmony with the nations;
I am kind to a disaster.
Even if it hurts, O God, show me!
I don’t know, do I need moment or glory?
Do you need a gulbun or kehkeşan?
Is Âguuş-u vefâ-marking necessary?
Do you need a paw-i hun-feşân?
Canan or beautiful, is the world nice-ter?
Abdulhak Hamit Tarhan
It is one of the literary genres that humanity has applied most frequently since the day it began to express itself verbally. what is poetry We looked at the history of the question and explained the types of poetry according to their subjects with examples.