What is aruz measure, how to find it, what are its features?

The thousands of years old Turkish language interacted with many different languages ​​over time, changed and developed. During these developments, he met many techniques used in the literatures of other languages. Prosody, which is one of them, is a technique that creates harmony through the syllable structures of poems. But Since it is not very suitable for Turkish aruz scale, Unfortunately, it has caused many foreign words to enter our language, especially in the period of divan literature, where it is widely used.

Most of the words added to our language in order to be suitable for aruz scale have become Turkish over time, but some of them have remained the same. Despite all this, the measure of aruz has been used in Turkish poetry for a long time, and has even caused controversy among many poets until recently. Bride What is aruz measure, how to find it, what are its patterns, rules and features Let’s take a closer look at the frequently asked questions with examples.

What is aruz measure, how to find it, what are its features?

What is aruz measure?

Prosody measure, also called aruz meter, is the arrangement of long and short syllables in a special order. It is a technique of creating harmony in poetry. Prosody measure, which emerged in Arabic literature, first passed to Iranian literature and then to Turkish literature in the 11th century. Some of the many different dictionary meanings of aruz prosody, which is an Arabic word, are as follows;

• Direction
• Side
• Region
• Cloudy
• Sky
• goat path
• Mad
• Drunk
• Camel
• middle pole of tent
• compared
• measure is

It is not known with what meaning the word aruz turned into the concept we know while passing through literature. However Because it is the technique that keeps the divan literature alive. it is possible to keep the meaning of the middle pole of the tent in the foreground. The first person to scientifically define the measure of aruz is the famous Arab linguist Imam Khalil bin Ahmed.

Prosody meter has become a poetry technique used in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Kurdish, Afghan, Pakistani and to a lesser extent Indian literature over the years. In this technique long i.e. closed syllables – with short i.e. open syllables. is displayed with . There are also one and a half syllables called med, they are -. is displayed as. 8 main patterns were formed from all these combinations. The use of four of these patterns together is called tef’il, tef’ile or juz.

• fa’ûlün (fe’ûlün) (._ _)
• fâ’ilün, fâ’ilât (_._)
• mefâ’ilün (._._)
• fâ’ilâtün (_._ _)
• derelict (_ _._)
• mef’ûlâtü (_ _ _.)
• Müfâ’aletun (._.._)
• mutafa’ilun (.._._)

Prosody size syllable structures and features:

• open syllables
• closed syllables

Open syllables:

Consisting of only one vowel syllables are called open syllables. For example, the word long is shown as ._ and the syllable u is considered an open syllable. Syllables consisting of one vowel and one consonant It is also called an open syllable. For example, the word rose is shown as .. and both syllables are considered open syllables.

Closed syllables:

• Consisting of one vowel, one consonant -. The first syllable in the word kissed as shown as a closed syllable.
• Both syllables in the word my heart, which is shown as – -, consisting of a vowel between two consonants, are considered closed syllables.
• One-and-a-half syllables such as Turkish, young and heart, which consist of one consonant, one vowel, and then two consonants, are also considered closed syllables.
• Monosyllables such as love and first consisting of one vowel and two consonants are also considered closed syllables.

Prosody measure patterns and examples of Divan literature:

• flat molds
• mixed molds
• Rubai Ahrem
• Rubai type ahreb

Flat molds:

• Mefâilün / Mefâilün / Mefâilün / Mefâilün ( . – . – ) ×4 or (. – – – )
• Müstef’ilün / Müstef’ilün / Müstef’ilün / Müstef’ilün ( – – . – ) ×4
• Müstef’ilâtün / Müstef’ilâtün / Müstef’ilâtün / Müstef’ilâtün ( – – . – – ) ×4
• Feûlün / Feûlün / Feûlün / Feûlün ( . – – ) ×4
• Engagement / Engagement

Sample;

• You have a wife â / you have a feeling / you have a spring / that you would expect Doomsday / what is to break / say o nightingale / what would you say

Mixed moulds:

• Mefâîlün / Mefâîlün / Feûlün ( . – – -) ( . – – – ) ( . – – )
• Feilâtün (Fâilâtün) / Feilâtün / Feilâtün / Feilâtün (fa’lün) ( . .- -) (. .- -) (. .- -) ( . . – )
• Fâilâtün / Fâilâtün / Fâilâtün / Fâilün ( – . – – ) ( – . – – ) ( – . – – ) ( – . – )
• Fâilâtün / Fâilâtün / Fâilün ( – . – – ) ( – . – – ) ( – . – )
• Müfteilün / Müfteilün / Fâilün ( – . . -) ( – . . – ) ( – . – )
• Feûlün / Feûlün / Feûlün / Feûl ( . – – ) ( . – – ) ( . – – ) ( . – )
• Mefâilün / Feûlün / Mefâilün / Feûlün ( . – . – ) ( . – – ) ( . – . – ) ( . – – )
• Feilâtün (Fâilâtün) / Mefâilün / Feilün (Fa’lün) ( . . – – ) ( . – . – ) ( . . – )
• Fa’lün / Feûlün / Fa’lün / Feûlün ( . – ) ( . – – ) ( . – ) ( . – – )
• Mef’ûlü / Fâilâtü / Mefâîlü / Fâilün ( – – . ) ( – . – . ) ( . – – . ) ( – . – )
• Mef’ûlü / Mefâîlün / Feûlün ( – – . ) ( . – – – ) ( . – – )
• Mef’ûlü / Mefâîlü / Mefâîlü / Feûlün ( – – . ) ( . – – . ) ( . – – . ) ( . – – )
• Mef’ûlü / Mefâîlün / Mef’ûlü / Feûlün ( – – . ) ( . – – – ) ( – – .) ( . – – )
• Mef’ûlü / Mefâîlü / Feûlün ( – – . ) ( . – – . ) ( . – – )
• Müfte’ilün / Fâilün / Müfte’ilün / Fâilün ( – . . – ) ( – . – ) ( – . . – ) ( – . – )
• Mefâilün / Feilâtün / Mefâilün / Feilün (Fa’lün) ( . – . – ) ( . .- -) ( . – . – ) ( . . – )

Sample;

Who is worthy / you ser-def/ter-i huban / writers

One / new title / authors for Nâme-i Hüs/nun

Rubai Ahrem:

Mef’ûlün fâilün mefaîlün fâ’

Mef’ûlün mef’ûlü mef’ûlün fâ’

Mef’ûlün fâilün mefâîlün fa’l

Mef’ûlün mef’ûlün mef’ûlün fâ’

Mef’ûlün mef’ûlün mef’ûlün fâ’

Mef’ûlün fâilün mefâîlün fâ’

Mef’ûl Mef’ûl Mef’ûlü Mef’ûl

Mef’ûlün mef’ûlün mefâîlün fa’

Fâ’l

Mef’ûlü’s mef’ûlü mef’ûlü’s

Mef’ûlün fâilün mefâîlü foul

foul

Rubai type ahreb:

Mef’ûlü mefâilün mefâîlün fâ’

Mef’ûlü mefâîlü mefâîlün fâ’

Mef’ûlü mefâîlün Mef’ûlü fa’ûl

Mef’ûlü mefâîlün mef’ûlün fâ’

Mef’ûlü mefâîlün Mef’ûlü fâ’l

Mef’ûlü mefâîlü mefâîlü foul

Mef’ûlü mefâilün mefâîlü foul

Mef’ûlü mefâilün mefâîlü fa’l

Mef’ûlü mefâilün mefâîlün fâ’

Mef’ûlü mefâîlü mefâilün fâ’

Mef’ûlü mefâîlü mefâilün fa’l

Mef’ûlü mefâîlün mef’ûlün fâ’

How to find the size of aruz?

• The syllables in the verse are separated into long and short ones one by one.
• The syllables in the previous line are also separated into long and short ones one by one.
• It is checked whether there is a medli syllable.
• It is checked whether long and short syllables are mutual.
• . The and – signs are placed carefully.
• The number of tambourines is determined.
• Care is taken to ensure that the new prosody pattern is compatible.

Writing poetry with aruz meter is a field that requires mastery of both poetry, literature and the language used. well with these little checks It is not possible to write a poem with aruz scale from scratch. However, it is still possible to determine the structure of the existing poem by finding the aruz patterns.

The first Turkish work written in aruz prosody and the poets using aruz meter:

Prosody measure has passed into Turkish literature step by step. It first entered the Hakaniye Turkish between the 5th and 11th centuries, the Anatolian Turkish in the 7th and 13th centuries, and the Chagatai and Azeri Turkish in the 8th and 14th centuries. Some, if not all, written in aruz prosody Kutadgu Bilig is the first Turkish work written by Yusuf Has Hacib.

Prosody measure became widespread among Turkish poets, but Arabic and Persian words were used frequently because Turkish did not conform to this pattern. Fuzûlî, Bâkî, Nef’î, Nâbî and Nedîm poets such as divan literature; Tevfik Fikret, Cenap Şahabeddin, Mehmed Akif Ersoy, Yahya Kemal Like poets, they recently wrote poems in aruz prosody. The National Literature movement, which started in 1911, then gave way to the syllabic meter, which is the main measure of Turkish, together with leading names such as Ziya Gökalp.

The origin of Arabic literature, which lived its brightest period with Divan literature. What is aruz measure, what are its patterns and features We talked about the details you need to know by answering frequently asked questions. You can share your thoughts about the aruz measure in the comments.