All Treaties Signed by the Ottomans, Their History and Importance

The Ottoman Empire, which was established as a small principality, first became a state and then an empire that ruled all over the world. As the borders of the state expanded, relations with foreign countries, especially European countries, increased and victories on the battlefield were crowned with diplomatic agreements. certainly Treaties signed by the Ottoman Empire lately, it contained details far from victory.

Even if only the names of all the treaties signed by the Ottoman Empire were written, volumes of books would emerge. For this reason, in our article, we focused on the most important treaties in the process that led to the collapse of this huge empire, starting with the ones signed after the 15th century, that is, during the most active times of the Ottoman Empire. Bride The treaties signed by the Ottoman Empire and let’s take a closer look at the dates and importance of these treaties.

The most important treaties signed by the Ottoman Empire:

Treaty of Edirne Segedin

With the Edirne Segedin Treaty signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Hungarian Kingdom in 1444 The two states have promised not to fight each other for 10 years. With the Edirne Segedin Treaty, the Ottomans’ rights over Bulgaria were recognized at the same time.

Istanbul Treaty

With the Treaty of Istanbul signed between the Ottoman Empire and Austria in 1533 Austria accepted the supremacy of the Ottoman Empire. More importantly, with the Istanbul Treaty, the Archduke of Austria was considered equal to the Ottoman grand vizier.

Treaty of Amasya

The Istanbul Treaty, signed between the Ottoman Empire and Iran in 1555, It went down in history as the first treaty signed between Iran and the Ottoman Empire. With the Istanbul Treaty, it was accepted that Eastern Anatolia and Tebris region came under Ottoman control.

Ferhat Pasha Treaty

With the Ferhat Pasha Treaty signed between the Ottoman Empire and Iran in 1590, Azerbaijan and Georgia came under Ottoman rule. As a result of the Ferhat Pasha Treaty, the Ottoman Empire reached its largest borders in the east.

Treaty of Zitvatorok

With the Treaty of Zitvatorok signed between the Ottoman Empire and Austria in 1606 The rights that the Ottomans gained in the 1533 Istanbul Treaty were lost. As a result of the Zitvatorok Treaty, the Archduke of Austria was deemed equal to the Ottoman Sultan.

Treaty of Nasuh Pasha

Along with the Nasuh Pasha Treaty signed between the Ottoman Empire and Iran in 1611, the Ferhat Pasha Treaty of 1590. The lands taken by the Ottomans were given back to Iran. The Nasuh Pasha Treaty is the first treaty in the Ottoman history in which the acquired land was returned.

Treaty of Kasr-i Sirin

With the Treaty of Kasr-ı Şirin signed between the Ottoman Empire and Iran in 1639, The regions of Baghdad, Basra and Shahrizor were left to the Ottomans. With the Treaty of Kasr-ı Şirin, the current Iran-Turkey border was determined.

Treaty of Bucas

With the Treaty of Bucaş signed between the Ottoman Empire and Poland in 1672 Podolia was left under Ottoman control. With the Treaty of Bucaş, the Ottoman Empire reached its widest borders in the west.

Treaty of Karlowitz

It was formed in 1699 by the Ottoman Empire and Austria, Venice, Russia and Poland. Treaty of Karlowitz signed between the Holy Alliance Along with the Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman Empire experienced the greatest loss of land in the West and the period of stagnation of the state ended and the period of decline began.

Istanbul Treaty

The Istanbul Treaty, signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russia in 1700, It is considered a continuation of the Karlowitz Treaty. With the Istanbul Treaty, the Ottoman Empire lost territory against Russia for the first time and gave the Azov Castle to the Russians.

Treaty of Pruth

With the Treaty of Prut signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russia in 1711 Azov Castle was given back to the Ottoman Empire. The Prut Treaty gave birth to the hope of regaining the lands lost with the Karlowitz Treaty.

Treaty of Passarowitz

With the Treaty of Passarowitz signed between the Ottoman Empire and Austria in 1718 Belgrade and Upper Serbia region It was left under the control of Austria. The Tulip Era of the Ottoman Empire started with the Treaty of Passarowitz.

Treaty of Belgrade

With the Treaty of Belgrade signed between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and Russia in 1739, Austria, He gave back the lands he took with the Treaty of Passarowitz to the Ottomans. The Belgrade Treaty is the last lucrative treaty signed by the Ottomans in the 18th century.

Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca

With the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russia in 1774 Crimea became independent and the Russians became the protectors of the Orthodox living in the Ottoman Empire. More importantly, with the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, the Ottomans paid war compensation for the first time.

Treaty of Sistovi

With the Treaty of Sistovi signed between the Ottoman Empire and Austria in 1791, Austria took the places it took in the 1787-1791 Ottoman-Austrian War. He gave it back to the Ottomans. The Treaty of Sistovi is the last treaty signed between the Ottoman Empire and Austria.

Age Covenant

With the Treaty of Yas signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russia in 1792 Russia’s domination over Crimea has been acknowledged and the decline period of the Ottoman Empire ended and the period of disintegration began.

Treaty of Bucharest

With the Treaty of Bucharest signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russia in 1812 Serbs were given a special status.

Treaty of Edirne

With the Treaty of Edirne signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russia in 1829, Greece became independent. Greece was the first state to become independent as a result of minority revolts.

Treaty of Kütahya

With the Treaty of Kütahya signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Egyptian Governor Kavalalı Mehmed Ali Pasha in 1833. The region of Damascus and Crete was given to Kavalalı. More importantly, with the Treaty of Kütahya, the Ottoman Empire gave a privilege to its governor for the first time.

Hunkar Iskelesi Treaty

Hünkar İskelesi Treaty, signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russia in 1838, It is a non-aggression pact. The Hünkar Iskelesi Treaty is the last treaty of the Ottoman Empire to have a say over the straits. Later, the straits became an international issue.

Treaty of Paris

With the Treaty of Paris signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russia, England and France in 1856 The Ottoman Empire was recognized as a European state. and Wallachia and Moldavia were given privileges.

Treaty of San Stefano

With the Treaty of San Stefano signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russia in 1878 Although the Ottoman Empire lost a great deal of land, With the intervention of western states, this treaty was not implemented.

Treaty of Berlin

In the Treaty of Berlin signed in 1878, instead of the Treaty of San Stefano between the Ottoman Empire and Russia, Along with the Ottoman Empire, England, France and Austria became a party. With the Berlin Treaty, while Serbia, Montenegro and Romania became independent, Kars, Ardahan and Batumi were left to Russia.

Treaty of Ushi

With the Treaty of Uşi signed between the Ottoman Empire and Italy in 1912. Tripoli and Benghazi region were left to Italy. With the Treaty of Ushi, the Ottoman Empire lost its last land in North Africa.

Treaty of London

signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria in 1913. Edirne and Kırklareli were lost with the London Treaty, Albania became independent. With the Treaty of London, the Ottoman rule in the Balkans came to an end.

Armistice of Mudros

The Armistice of Mudros, signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Allied Powers in 1918, It is accepted as the surrender document of the Ottoman Empire. With the Armistice of Mudros, the Ottoman Empire came to an end.

treaty of sevr

The Treaty of Sèvres signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Allied Powers in 1920, It is a treaty in which the Ottoman lands were shared by the invaders. The Treaty of Sèvres, which is the last treaty signed by the Ottoman Empire, is not considered legally valid because it was not approved by the Parliament.

after the 15th century Listing some of the most important treaties signed by the Ottoman Empire we briefly talked about the history-changing details of these treaties. The loss of lands won with blood in wars with a few signatures is the greatest pain in our history. You can share your thoughts on the subject in the comments.