How Can Buildings Be Built Durable in Japan?

Although Japan suffers more than 2000 earthquakes a year, it is a country that is able to reduce the damage caused by the earthquake to only a few unfortunate cases at a time. So, what is the secret behind this incredible success?

Although Japan is a country that experiences frequent earthquakes, earthquake resistant It is one of the countries that is famous for being able to build buildings.

The main reason behind this success is that the state is always on the alert against such scenarios and always take precautionary measures. Let’s examine and interpret how they achieved this.

Japan is a country located on a volcano and earthquake belt, also known as the “Pacific Ring of Fire”.

Most of the countries bordering the Pacific Ocean are located in the Pacific Ring of Fire. active volcanoes And increasingly compacted sheets therefore they regularly grapple with earthquakes and tsunamis.

Just like Indonesia, Chile and the Philippines, Japan has had its share of this many times. So much so that Japan Tōhoku tsunami and after the tsunami Fukushima disaster It has come to the fore more frequently because of such events.

The state undertakes the city planning itself and determines in advance what can be built where and the equipment that should be utilized.

earthquake resistant building

The state is opening the areas where the earthquake risk is as low as possible to settlement. Although a suitable area cannot be found, the buildings in the selected areas are as much as possible. shake and shatter resistant construction is given priority.

In large-scale urban planning carried out in metropolitan cities such as Tokyo, cities are divided into certain sections. Living areas, industrial areas, agricultural areas and business centers are generally used in order to avoid space shortages. nested but big so as not to cause ruins. is being built.

The materials and equipment used by the construction industry are regularly inspected and the building planned to be built by the state until it is deemed to be stable It is forbidden to hammer even a single nail. Although these regulations brought by the state may seem like an ordinary loyalty of the state when viewed from afar, the main reasons underlying it are the II. Houses in Japan during World War II one-third destruction and regular earthquakes.

In order to audit all these regulations and construction regulations, certain standards were also determined.

According to Japanese building regulations, buildings must comply with one of the following three basic standards:

  1. Tayshin (Taishin): Beams, columns and walls should be built with the minimum thickness that can resist vibration. It covers the minimum requirements for all buildings.
  2. Seysin (Seishin): The rest of the building should be isolated from the ground by placing shock absorbers, rubber layers or seismic isolators that absorb the energy of the earthquake on the foundations of the buildings. Usually recommended for tall buildings.
  3. Menshin: The building should be placed on the ground as solidly as possible with lead, steel or rubber layers and should not shake at all. The foundation of the building can move independently from the rest of the building, as in the “Seyşin” category. It is often recommended for structures such as skyscrapers, as the cost is of the highest standard.

Now let’s come to the technical details: The buildings are not only earthquake resistant, but also built to adapt to earthquake moments.

Realizing that it was becoming more and more difficult to construct permanent buildings due to the frequency of earthquakes and tsunamis after the war, the Japanese, especially by 1981, can last a maximum of 37-40 years they began to prefer to build buildings and, when the time came, to demolish them and build new buildings in their place.

For this reason, a 37-year lifespan has begun to be defined for most buildings in Japan. From the moment they turn 37 years by counting the values ​​to zero They are prevented from being sold, and then the buildings in question are demolished for the construction of new ones. So much so that nearly 8 million houses, which have completed 37 years, are no longer being bought.

Newly constructed buildings are no longer anchored to the foundation where they are. during the earthquake to move they are designed. For this, the most frequently preferred technology is to reduce the effect of the earthquake on the buildings. are seismic isolators. These insulators bend to the right and left during the earthquake. This method falls under the category of “Seysin”.

Another preferred method is shifting the foundation of the building. Sliding foundations reduce the effect of earthquakes by operating with a logic similar to moving foundations. This method can also be included in the minimum “Seyşin” category, and if it is developed further, it can be included in the “Origin” category.

In addition to these frequently used methods, the following methods are sometimes preferred in the construction of the building:

  1. Basically instead of reinforced concrete core use of a steel frame.
  2. Basically, instead of concrete columns, diagonal dampers, steel beams and preference of steel columns.
  3. to the core or roof of the building placing pendulums.
  4. In order to strengthen the structure creating sieve meshes.
  5. Can be dismantled when needed Joining T-joints.
  6. In order to warn building occupants in advance add an earthquake warning system.
  7. It enables easier escape from the building in a possible disaster. designing smart doors.

Because of the confidence given by these solid structures, the Japanese do not even feel the need to panic in case of an earthquake. However, unfortunately, we are losing tens of thousands of our people in Turkey because of not using these techniques.

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